It is estimated that up to 95% of all basements will succumb to water intrusion at some point in their lifetime. With damage ranging from minor dampness to total flooding, the cost can become astronomical, especially if valuable contents are also affected. The best form of defence is to get the specification for High Pressure Grease Fitting right the first time. This is applicable whether it is a new build or a refurbishment. A well-specified system that takes into account every element of a structure and the results from a full site evaluation will provide an integrated waterproofing solution that will overcome the threat of water ingress. New build projects feature waterproofing systems that are generally designed with the structure.
However, refurbishment projects can be more complex as they may involve dealing with both an existing structure and a new structure, which leads to more complicated solutions. In the case of new structures, the choice of materials and systems are wide open, while in the case of remedial waterproofing of basements, it is limited and again subjected to prevailing site conditions, thus narrowing down the options of selection of materials and systems.
Basement defects such as water seepages/leakages are tedious and expensive to rectify. The significant factors leading to the occurrence of water seepage in basements can be benchmarked, namely: degree of water-tightness; safety measures for structural concrete; performance of waterproofing systems; integrity of the basement structure; provision for movement and quality of compaction in concreting, for minimizing water seepage/leakage.
Positive side basement waterproofing is most ideal but depending on the site location, if it is difficult to do any remedial waterproofing on the positive side, then negative side waterproofing is the only solution. The various positive side application materials used are elastomeric bitumen emulsion based polymer coating, coal tar epoxy coating, elastomeric polyurethane coating and bentonite.
In the case of positive side application, removal and refilling of backfilled material with proper compaction is a major concern and some times practically impossible. Rather, negative side application with a crystalline coating of cementitious material is more a common solution. But while injecting at the negative side but making a barrier at positive side with cementious, bentonite or polyurethane is a more effective method. Among the injected materials the PU foam injection is the most popular material for Surface Packers since it seals the bigger leakages.