Water and wastewater professionals rely on accurate flow measurement to achieve process operations and regulatory compliance. Choosing the best flow meter for each application is critical to obtaining accurate flow data.
The starting point is a detailed understanding of the application and the fluid being measured. It is also necessary to understand the characteristics of different meter types to determine the most suitable meter. Electromagnetic meters and ultrasonic meters are very popular in the water industry. The following is a comparison of these two meters to help decision-making.
How the Water Rotameter works
Electromagnetic flow meters (called "electromagnetic" flow meters) operate according to the principles of Faraday's law. This principle basically states that when a conductor (such as water) moves in a magnetic field, an electrical signal is generated. The full-hole magnetometer uses an electromagnet installed on the outside of the pipe perpendicular to the flow direction. When a fluid flows through a magnetic field, charged ions will accumulate, with negative ions on one side and positive ions on the other. The resulting voltage change is proportional to the velocity of the fluid passing through the pipe, which can be converted to volume.
The operation of the plug-in magnetometer is slightly different. For plug-in meters, a very small local magnetic field is inserted into the pipe. The electrodes cause the charge carriers to separate. Using a full profile inserter, electrodes can be placed along the entire flow cross-section to measure the average velocity of the centerline of the pipeline.
The Water Rotameter uses sound waves to measure the velocity of the fluid flowing through the pipe and converts this data to the volume. The two basic types of ultrasonic meters are run-time meters and Doppler meters.
The transit time meter uses a sensor to send an ultrasonic signal into the stream, which is clamped or inserted into the pipeline in two locations. The difference between the time it takes for sound to travel upstream and downstream between the two sensors is proportional to the flow rate.
The Water Rotameter uses sound waves reflected from substances in the fluid (such as bubbles or particles) to measure the flow rate.
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