In the mid-1900s, a maintenance-free version was widely adopted. This version sealed the battery and prevented the evaporation or leakage of the electrolyte, but it did not solve the damage caused by the leakage of the cracked casing, the bending of the plumb plate, or the short circuit caused by the defective problem. The performance is better when installed at an angle, and the service life is shortened.
As "sealed" batteries, sometimes called sealed lead-acid (SLA), we quickly get confused.
Absorbent glass mat (AGM)
The AGM concept was discovered in the 1970s. It is made of glass fibers woven into a mat, which is saturated with 95% acid and then placed between two plates. This immediately solved many of the problems in the earlier design (called lead pantothenate).
If the shell is cracked, there will be no leakage because the acid will remain in the mat.
The device can be installed at any angle, even on its side, and the plate will still maintain full contact with the electrolyte.
The mats also become part of the structure, holding the lead plates in place – limiting any warping or, if warping does occur, preventing the plates from touching each other.
The only disadvantage is that the production cost of absorbent glass mats is higher, so Sealed Agm Battery has not generally replaced water-injected lead-acid. In applications where cost is more important than the ability to install the device at an angle, filling with lead acid is still the preferred chemical method. Nowadays, water-immersed lead acid is still used, especially for low-cost deep cycle devices in automobile starter batteries and leisure industries, as well as Sealed Deep Cycle Battery.
AGM is also known as a sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery.